Ghana’s parliament has approved a new law that tightens restrictions on LGBTQ+ identities and related activities, marking a major step in a long-running national debate over sexual orientation and public morality. The bill now awaits the decision of President John Dramani Mahama before it can become law.

The legislation introduces prison sentences of up to three years for people who identify as LGBTQ+, and also targets what it describes as the promotion or support of LGBTQ+ rights. It includes provisions that could require individuals to report suspected violations to authorities.

Reverend John Ntim Fordjour, the lawmaker who sponsored the bill, said it is intended to reinforce Ghana’s cultural and family values. He argued that the measure strengthens existing laws by making penalties clearer and more strict.

The move has been welcomed by some religious and conservative groups, but it has also drawn strong criticism from rights organisations. Human Rights Watch warned that the law could increase risks for LGBTQ+ people and encourage public surveillance and reporting of private behaviour.

Same-sex relationships have already been illegal in Ghana under older colonial-era laws, but this new bill significantly expands enforcement and penalties, including potential punishment for those seen as supporting LGBTQ+ individuals.

If signed into law, the bill would also make exceptions for professionals such as journalists, lawyers, and healthcare workers acting in official duties, while still maintaining broad restrictions on public expression and association related to LGBTQ+ issues.