Voting is taking place in Armenia in a high-stakes election that could shape the country’s foreign policy direction between closer ties with Europe or renewed alignment with Moscow.

The contest is seen as a test for Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, who is campaigning on continued reforms, peace efforts in the region, and deeper cooperation with European institutions. His government has in recent years pursued policies aimed at strengthening relations with the European Union, including steps toward eventual integration.

The election has also drawn attention because of growing tension with Russia, Armenia’s traditional ally and major trading partner. In the lead-up to the vote, Moscow introduced restrictions on several Armenian exports, a move widely seen by analysts as economic pressure linked to Yerevan’s political direction.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has warned that closer ties with Western institutions could carry economic consequences, while also highlighting Armenia’s dependence on Russian energy supplies and trade.

Domestic politics remain deeply divided, with opposition groups arguing that Armenia’s security depends on restoring stronger relations with Russia. Several former leaders and political blocs are backing that position, saying the country risks instability if it moves too far away from Moscow.

A key issue shaping the vote is the aftermath of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which ended with Azerbaijan taking full control of the disputed region in 2023. The development led to major political backlash at home and remains a central topic in the campaign.

While Pashinyan’s party currently holds a lead in opinion polls, a large share of voters remain undecided or express distrust toward political figures, making the outcome uncertain.

The European Union has increased its engagement with Armenia in recent years, offering financial support and accusing Russia of using trade restrictions as a tool of political influence.